If the tube is curved, with the shape of a u, it is called a utube. Understanding heat exchangers types, designs, applications and. Depending on the type of heat exchanger employed, the heat transferring. Additionally, heat exchangers may be classified according to the type of fluid. Two examples of this are adiabatic wheels, which consist of a large wheel with fine threads rotating through the hot and cold fluids, and fluid heat. Heat exchangers 73 individual thermal resistances of the system. A plate type heat exchanger, as illustrated in figure 2, consists of plates instead of. Combining each of these resistances in series gives. Heat exchangers doehdbk1018193 types of heat exchangers. Aa, bg, c, d, hp, hr, lc, and tv series heat exchangers. A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Plate heat exchangers phes are the most common form of compact heat exchanger, but their area densities are inferior to other types discussed in this chapter. The application of heat transfer is in designing heat transfer equipment for exchanging heat. On the other hand, according to their type of construction, exchangers are classified as.
Heat exchangers doehdbk1018 193 types of heat exchangers. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared to a tube and shell type heat exchanger with the same heat transfer capacity. The tubes can also be straight, with one or two passes. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most widely used heat exchanger type in a number of different industries. Heat exchangers have widespread industrial and domestic applications. You will learn about the design, components and categorisations of each heat exchanger type, and also learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each heat exchanger.
The final heat exchanger configuration will depend on what we select. Shellandtube heat exchangers accounts for more than 50% of all heat exchangers installed. Although the majority of heat exchangers used on chemical plant are shell and tube units, there are many other types available. Plate heat exchanger working principle, how a plate heat. The different types of heat exchangers are classified in three main categories. The engineer may have little knowledge of the attributes of these other types so. Industrial heat exchangers tema type heat exchangers. Standard design the plate heat exchanger consists of a pack of corrugated metal plates with portholes for the passage of the two fluids between which heat transfer will take place.
Plate and frame heat exchanger plate heat exchangers plate heat exchangers are constructed with a series of plates held together in a large frame. Due to the different types of applications for heat exchanges, different types of hardware and different configurations of heat exchanges are required. Shell and tube heat exchanger design software for educational applications pdf. This is a very popular version as the heads can be removed to clean the inside of the tubes. Plate heat exchangers were first produced in the 1920s and have since been widely used in a great number of sectors a plate exchanger consists of a series. Different types of heat exchangers in addition, the overall heat transfer equation for the exchanger must be solved simultaneously. Jun 22, 2018 a plate type heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. In most cases the plate type is the most efficient heat exchanger. Qualitative dependence of the fluid temperature on position inside a singlepass heat exchanger is shown in fig. A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a fluid, at different temperatures and in thermal contact. Using plate type heat exchangers as our core technology, we provide thermal solutions to our customers all over the world. Contents preface li acknowledgments liii author lv chapter1 heatexchangers. Due to the custom nature of all xchanger heat exchangers, this manual discusses the characteristics and procedures that are common to all exchangers.
The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing. Heat exchangers may be classified according to transfer process, construction, flow arrange ment, surface compactness, number of fluids and heat transfer mechanisms as shown in fig. R sekulib university of kentucky introduction a heat exchanger is a device that is used for transfer of thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a. Heat exchangers jordan university of science and technology. Indirect heat exchangers are available in several main types plate, shelland tube, spiral etc. In hvac applications, large heat exchangers of this type are called. If cold medium fl ows through, condensation could form on the outside of the heat exchanger. Tlm however, in process engineering practice most heat exchangers are not of this type.
There are many types of heat exchangers applied in the process industry. It is referred to as a laminar flow heat exchanger if the surface area density is above about 3000 m2m 3 914 ft2ft3, and as a micro heat exchanger if the surface area density is above about 10,000 m2m 3. Pdf heat exchanger types and classifications researchgate. This has resulted to different designs of heart exchangers which includes and not limited to. These standards define the style of heat exchanger and the machining and assembly tolerances. Your heat exchanger should be used in accordance with the specified configuration of material, media types, temperatures and pressure for your specific heat exchanger 2.
The most common type of heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers are constructed of a single tube or series of parallel tubes i. Heat exchangers are devices designed to transfer heat between two or more fluidsi. This type of exchanger is designated as a recuperative heat exchanger or simply as a recuperator. Figure 1 shows the metal loss in a u bend caused by high temperature water flashing to steam. These are also known as recuperators heat exchangers. In multitubular or shell and tube heat exchangers, it is usual to combine. These exchangers are composed of many thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and small fluid flow passages for heat transfer. Additionally, heat exchangers may be classified according to the type of fluid used. This heat exchanger consists of two concentric pipes of different diameters. Hisaka continues to supply reliable plate heat exchangers. General classification of heat exchangers is shown in the figure 1. Tube entrance areas experience severe metal loss when highvelocity fluid from a nozzle is divided into much smaller streams upon entering the heat.
The advantage is that they can maintain the fl uid temperature at a very low and stable level depending on the temperature of the coolant. Heat exchangers are typically classified according to flow arrangement and type of construction. A plate type heat exchanger, as illustrated in figure 2, consists of plates instead of tubes to separate the hot and cold fluids. In process calculations, the main objectives of heat exchanger calculations are to determine the heat. Warranty and service contact information is also included. A fourth type of heat exchanger uses an intermediate fluid or solid store to hold heat, which is then moved to the other side of the heat exchanger to be released. The simplest heat exchanger is one for which the hot and cold fluids move in the same or opposite directions. Amongst of all type of exchangers, shell and tube exchangers are most commonly used.
The first type of a heat exchanger is called the recuperative type, in which heat are exchanged on either side of a dividing wall by fluids. Examples of this type of heat exchanger are shell and tube exchangers, double tube exchangers and plate heat exchangers. Plate heat exchangers were first produced in the 1920s and have since been widely used in a great number of sectors a plate exchanger consists of a series of parallel plates that are placed one above the other so as to allow the formation of a series of channels for fluids to flow between them. Unit operations lab heat exchanger 11 heat exchanger heat exchange is an important unit operation that contributes to efficiency and safety of many processes. The heart of the heat exchanger contains a fully welded circular plate pack made by pressing and cutting round plates and welding them together. However, in many cases, there are more attractive alternatives in terms of cost and energy recovery. Jul 20, 2016 tema stands for tubular exchangers manufacturers association and is a set of standards that were developed by leading shell and tube manufacturers. Standard design the plate heat exchanger consists of a pack of corrugated metal plates with portholes for the passage of the two fluids between which heat. Heat exchangers find widespread use in power generation, chemical processing. This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of tubes in a container called a shell. In a regenerative heat exchanger, the heat from a heat surface is stored and. Depending on the type of heat exchanger employed, the heat transferring process can be gastogas, liquidtogas, or liquidtoliquid and occur through a solid separator, which prevents mixing of the. Another type of heat exchanger is the plate heat exchanger.
Types of heat exchangers classification of heat exchangers. Therefore a plate type heat exchanger, as compared to a similarly sized tube and shell heat exchanger, is capable of transferring much more heat. The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes is the shell side fluid. In cross flow heat exchangers, one fluid flows through. The plate heat exchangers are designed to have hot fl uid always fl owing through the outer plate. These heat exchangers are constructed using several parallel heat exchanger tubes. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. Two examples of this are adiabatic wheels, which consist of a large wheel with fine threads rotating through the hot and cold fluids, and fluid heat exchangers. Recuperators recuperators are among the most widely used types of heat exchangers. A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy enthalpy. Understanding heat exchangers types, designs, applications.
Plate heat exchangers, heat exchanger, air cooled heat exchangers. In this both hot and cold fluid comes in contact and mixed up to exchange heat. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the plates, plate type heat exchangers are usually very small when compared. Our basco type 500 remains the industry standard in ultimate value and longterm reliability. If the heat exchanger is located at the inlet or discharge of a blower with a pulsating flow, such as a roots type rotary lobe blower, the heat exchanger must be protected from the pulsation by a chambered silencer. Types of heat exchangers shell and tube, plate type. The shellandtube heat exchanger is composed of a shell containing a large number of tubes. There are two inputs and two outputs, and the spaces between plates alternate between the two liquids hot, cold, hot, cold, etc. Since all heat exchangers considered in this experiment have a single pass for both the hot and cold fluids, the discussion below is limited to singlepass heat exchangers. Plate heat exchangers operate in very much the same way as a shell and tube heat exchanger, using a series of stacked plates rather than tubes. Different types of shell and tube designs are possible. Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluid streams at different temperatures.
Regenerative heat exchangers this is a popular type of heat exchanger. Tema stands for tubular exchangers manufacturers association and is a set of standards that were developed by leading shell and tube manufacturers. Plate type heat exchangers are not widely used because of the inability to reliably seal the large gaskets between each of the plates. Also the tube type heat exchanger is the most common type of heat exchanger used in the process of petroleum, chemical and marine industries intended for heat exchange processes in fluids kottket and li, 1998. Plate heat exchangers an overview sciencedirect topics. Jul 01, 2016 each of the fluids enter the heat exchanger from opposite ends. A plate fin heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Note that the term recuperator is not commonly used in the process industry for shell. This is due to the larger area the plates provide over tubes. Cooling tower is a type of heat exchanger in which hot fluid is cooled by the water spray. Pdf selection of heat exchanger types gerard hawkins.
This heat exchanger has application in preheating for steam power plants, blast furnaces and oxygen producers etc. The u bend of u type heat exchangers and the tube entrances are the areas most prone to erosion. Pdf a heat exchanger is a heat transfer device that exchanges heat between two or more process fluids. Many types of heat exchangers have been developed for use in steam power plants, chemical processing plants, building heat. Shell and tube type heat exchangers by bureau of indian standards. Shell and tube type heat exchangers internet archive. An alternate method based upon heat exchanger effectiveness is more appropriate for this type of analysis. Specifying plateandframe heat exchangers engineers often fail to realize the differences between heat transfer technologies when preparing a speci. A third type of heat exchanger uses an intermediate fluid or solid store to hold heat, which is then moved to the other side of the heat exchanger to be released. Plate heat exchangers are usually brazed or gasketed depending on the application and fluids being used. Most of the more exotic heat exchangers such as platefin type exchangers, are not easily modified or enhanced to increase performance and are not considered here. This type of heat exchanger, also referred to as a surface heat exchanger, can be further classi.
Some examples of directtransfer type heat exchangers are tubular, plate type, and extended surface exchangers. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing and. May 04, 2015 shellandtube heat exchangers are the most important type of he. Classification according to design or type tubular plate type extended surface regenerative phe spiral plate coil printed circuit gasketed welded brazed doublepipe shellandtube spiral tube pipe coils crossflow to tubes parallel flow to tubes platefin tubefin ordinary separating wall heat pipe wall rotary fixedmatrix rotating hoods. Because the cooler fluid exists the counter flow heat exchanger at the end where the hot fluid enters the heat exchanger, the cooler fluid will approach the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. A third type of heat exchanger is a plate and shell heat exchanger, which combines plate heat exchanger with shell and tube heat exchanger technologies. A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer. Evaporators used in automobile radiators and ice plants come under these types of heat exchangers. Heat exchanger and its types engineering solutions. Other types of exchangers such as air coolers may also be applicable with respect to cleaning and the use of tube inserts.
This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids spread out over the plates. Plate heat exchangers are used wherever thermal energy heat has to be transferred from one fl uid to another. Plate heat exchangers consist of a stack of stamped heat exchange plates. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat. The hot and cold fluids alternate between each of the plates. A heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and. The front head piping must be unbolted to allow the removal of the front head, if this is undesired this can be avoided by applying a type. Heat exchanger analysis 3 the lmtd method for a singlepass counterflow heat exchanger the design value ua follows from ua q. This article focuses on heat exchangers, exploring the various designs and types. Any time a heat exchanger is being replaced, the opportunity should be taken to reassess if the type. The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the shell and tube type. This proven fixed tubesheet shell and tube heat exchanger offers the cost effectiveness that comes with having a highly standardized design, while easily providing various options to meet specific. When flow of fluid is periodic then it is known as regenerative type heat exchangers.
In this type the same space is occupied by the hot and cold fluid between which heat is exchanged. A piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. Pdf industrial heat exchangers tema type heat exchangers. Heat exchangers are devices that regulate efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.
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